home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Encounters: The UFO Phenomenon, Exposed!
/
Encounters - The UFO Phenomenon, Exposed (1995).iso
/
misc1
/
misc115.txt
< prev
next >
Wrap
Internet Message Format
|
1995-10-20
|
52KB
From: rutkows@ccu.umanitoba.ca (Chris Rutkowski)
Newsgroups: alt.paranet.ufo
Subject: Report on Falcon Lake Case
Summary: A 1980 report on the Falcon Lake case is made available
Keywords: ufo,Canada,medical,contact,burns
Date: 15 Jul 93 19:25:06 GMT
Organization: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Note: The following research paper was written in 1980 by Chris
Rutkowski, as a review of the known facts of the Falcon Lake CE2 case
which occurred on May 20, 1967. Because of the recent interest in the
case as a result of a re-creation which was broadcast on NBC on the
program Unsolved Mysteries in 1992 and 1993, this original report is
being made available to interested researchers and net readers.
Although largely unknown, the case may well be the most significant in
North America because of the intense investigations by the USAF, RCAF,
RCMP and civilian groups, and because of the amount of physical
eveidence and physiological effects upon the witness.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
THE FALCON LAKE INCIDENT
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
By Chris Rutkowski Copyright 1980
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[Note: This reprint was rekeyed using standard ascii on July 9,
1993 by Robert McGeachy, sysop of HST BBS in Winnipeg, Manitoba,
Canada ( * Origin: HST BBS: FidoNet,Odyssey,MufoNet,ParaNet(sm)
837-7227 (1:348/712), with permission from the original author.]
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Special thanks are due to Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Michalak,
without whom this essay could not have been written.
I also wish to thank the following individuals for their
assistance and encouragement: Dr. Norm Davison; Ms. Bonnie
Lindstrom; Dr. Berthold E. Schwarz; Dr. Sunil K. Sen and Mr.
Vladimir Simosko.
Finally, a word of thanks to my (original) typist, Ms.
Charlotte Katz.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PAGE
Abstract ........................................... 1
Introduction ....................................... 1
Physical Effects: The Site ........................ 2
The Radiation ...................................... 5
The Metal .......................................... 8
The Physiological Effects .......................... 10
The Mayo Clinic .................................... 13
The Investigations ................................. 15
The Government Covers Up? .......................... 17
Psychological Effects .............................. 18
The Hoax? .......................................... 20
Conclusions ........................................ 23
Epilogue ........................................... 25
Footnotes and References ........................... 27
Newspaper Articles on Michalak: UFOROM Collection .. 30
A Falcon Lake Bibliography ......................... 31
Further References ................................. 34
[Note: Page numbers are included in text only to conform with
the Table Of Contents. (Rob M.)]
-----------------------------------------------------------------
ABSTRACT
~~~~~~~~
On May 20, 1967, Stephen Michalak claimed he was burned by a
strange craft, just north of the town of Falcon Lake. Much
literature has been published regarding the incident, and this
essay attempts to evaluate the findings to date, as well as
examine the evidence as it exists.
INTRODUCTION
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Something happened to Steve Michalak on the Victoria Day
long weekend. His amateur prospecting was cut short by an
encounter with a landed UFO. To this day, no definite conclusions
have been reached regarding his experience, and his story has
started to get garbled in publication over the years.
Was it a hoax? Was it exactly as reported, and true? The
final proof is yet to be found, but there is an astonishing
amount of evidence to show that something occurred on a rock
outcropping near a swampy area of the forest near the resort.
Michalak's account has appeared in several books and journals in
various forms. For accuracy and the best detail, the reader is
suggested to try to obtain Michalak's own long-out-of-print book.
But barring that, any one of several UFO books carries the
story in sufficient quality to understand the case to a good
degree, for example, Lorenzen (1969, 1976), Condon (1969), Story
(1980) or Bondarchuk (1979). This writer will not reiterate the
case account for that reason, as this is a survey of the
literature and the research. This article is as accurate as
possible, the result of the re-opened investigation of the case
by UFOROM (Ufology Research of Manitoba), involving some new
evidence and research conducted over the past few years.
There is still much to be done, and many unanswered
questions exist which could effectively aid in the determination
of truth. It is felt that the Michalak case is one of the most
significant on record, and may hold the key for future research.
1
-----------------------------------------------------------------
PHYSICAL EFFECTS: THE SITE
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Condon Report found cause for concern with Michalak's
inability to find the site while in the presence of
officials.(1) Michalak went on two expeditions before finding
the site with Mr. G. A. Hart, a personal acquaintance. Indeed,
Menzel and Taves cite this as a prime reason for labelling the
case a hoax.(2)
However, Michalak has stated that the locating of the site
presented several difficulties. First, when the incident
occurred, the trees and bushes were devoid of leaves. When
returned to the area, Michalak said he was disoriented because
the leaves were opened. This is a common complaint of
individuals who hike in wooded areas, and _can_ be regarded as a
logical reason for experiencing difficulty in finding the site.
In addition, Michalak said that for the first expedition, he was
transported to the area by helicopter, and was told to find the
site from the anonymous location where they landed. The second
expedition began from a point suggested to be Michalak's exit
from the bush following his encounter.
Again, it was unsuccessful, due to the leaves' thickening
and also Michalak's unsettled state of mind and body. These
explanations by Michalak can be accepted as reasonable, and are
sufficiently sensible so as to eliminate a negative judgement on
the case based _solely_ on the inability to locate the site with
official investigators. Disorientation in the wilderness can
definitely be a problem in the locating of specific sites.
There is no question, however, that the site can be easily
located when found by proper trailblazing. The usual method of
finding the site is to head north from the Falcon Lake townsite
and follow a creek around large rock outcroppings until the bare
rockface is seen. The numerous beaver dams and claims markers in
the area can be used as reference points. Also interesting is
that the actual site is within direct view of a forest ranger
tower. Craig reports that the forest ranger on duty at the time
of the incident did not observe either the landing or flight of
the UFO's, or the smoke which resulted from the ignition of grass
by the landed UFO.(3) While this would seem to effectively flaw
Michalak's story, one must remember that the individual in the
tower would not be looking in the direction of the site
constantly. However, the object was landed for at least 45
minutes, and if it gleamed in the sun or emitted an "intense
purple light" (as it was said to have done), it is puzzling as to
why the individual in the tower did not see it.
Another problem that the Condon Report found was the reported
direction that the object departed. This direction was 255
degrees, and it is immediately obvious that such a bearing would
have the object fly away from most corroborating observers. It
was noted, however, that the bearing would have the object pass
within a mile of the local golf course.(4) No objects were seen
by the golfers, though, again, if the speed of the UFO was great,
this is not necessarily unusual. Condon also noted that the
northward-opening gap in the trees was inconsistent with the 255
degree bearing. However, Michalak clearly stated that the object
rose vertically before departing, so this argument is not valid.
Barrie Thompson, an APRO investigator (and a CAPRO
"liaison"), was one of the first to accompany Michalak to the
site. He reported that location of the site was not that
difficult, and that the early expeditions to the site were led
astray by basic errors.
Interestingly, both Thompson(5) and Michalak(6) reported a
large amount of destroyed vegetation around the site. Thompson
even described circular lesions on many leaves in the area (the
leaves, he says, were all taken by the government before any
civilian analysis could be done).
4
-----------------------------------------------------------------
THE RADIATION
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Much was made of the finding of radioactive debris at the
site. This fact alone suggested to many people that Michalak was
suffering from radiation poisoning.
The radiation detected was from soil samples brought back to
Winnipeg by Michalak and an associate, after they had finally
located the site. They had placed Michalak's torn shirt and tape
measure in plastic bags, and put these together with the soil
samples in the same knapsack. When the items were given to
officials for examination, the shirt and tape measure were
naturally found to be radioactive as well.(7)
Michalak mentions that Stewart Hunt of the Department of
Health and Welfare informed him that the soil anaysis "showed
radiation".(8) When Hunt went to the site and checked for
radiation, he found: "One small area ... contaminated ... across
the crown at the rock. There was a smear of contamination about
0.5 x 8.0 inches on one side of the crack. There was also some
lichen and ground vegetation contaminated just beyond the smear.
The whole contaminated area was no larger than 100 square
inches."(9)
The origin of this radiation is in some doubt. Whatever its
cause, it was of sufficient quantity for the Radiation Protection
Division to consider "restricting entry to the forest area."(10)
Beyond the areas located by Hunt, there was no radiation above
the normal background. But the soil analysis showed a
"significant" level of radium 226, for which there was no
explanation.(11) It was suggested that the radium had come from
a luminous watch dial, the dial having been scraped onto the
site. However, no evidence could be found to support this
contention.(12)
Analyses performed by the Whiteshell Nuclear Research
Establishment showed that the radioactivity in the samples was
that of "natural uranium ore". This included counts of both alpha
and gamma particles. One 190 KeV photopeak was originally thought
to be anomalous, and due to enrichment of uranium 235. While
this would seem to indicate something other than natural uranium,
the isotopes were found to actually be present within the
expected normal ratios.(13)
To check further on the soil radiation, in June of 1979, a
re-analysis was carried out with a lithium-drifted germanium
detector at the University of Manitoba. The results showed that
all the energies detected could be adequately explained by the
decay of natural uranium.(14) It is speculated that confusion
may have resulted from overlooking the fact that U238 decays
eventually into radon, a gas. Radon, of course, decays further
into other elements, but the observed energies indicated a lower
abundance than what would be expected. The reason for this,
though simple, may not have been immediately obvious: radon is a
gas, and will dissipate. Therefore, abundances of elements later
in the decay chain will be much less than if the previous
elements were solids.
Identification of the 190 KeV peak as "abnormally high" may
have been an oversight. The theory of radium 226 was related to
this peak. Assigning elements to each of the peaks is a trying
job, and often, two elements will give nearly the same peak,
often at the same intensity. This process is much like a jigsaw
puzzle, and is somewhat open to interpretation, as it depends on
variables such as the resolution, the efficiency and the
capability of the analyser used.
However, while the 190 KeV photopeak is not necessarily
unusual, there are two very strong x-rays which are hard to
identify. These appear at about 80 and 84 KeV. They may be caused
by some radionuclide decay in the U238 chain (possibly by the
emitted alpha particle affecting an electron). This, too,
depends on abundance and the specific energies involved. Despite
this, there is little evidence to indicate that the site was
"seeded" with radium from an old watch dial. The observed
radioactivity can be considered as due to natural uranium decay.
This, of course, raises the question of why the Department of
Health and Welfare would consider closing off the area from such
radioactivity. The early tests by individuals at the University
of Manitoba are trying to be located. These would be helpful,
since it is possible that at that time (in 1967), there may have
been different peaks detected from elements with short half-
lives. It will be noted, though, that the Whiteshell results,
done in 1968, showed nothing other than the 1979 run, so this may
suggest that the early analysis yielded the same results.
Again, however, there exists disagreement. A CAPRO
investigator claims that Hunt's check of the site showed a much
higher level of radiation than was reported.(15) It was
suggested that the bulk of the radioactive material was in a rock
fissure across the site, this being either missed or ignored by
official investigators. This is most relevant to a review of the
metal analysis.
7
-----------------------------------------------------------------
THE METAL
~~~~~~~~~
The metal is quite curious. A year after his encounter,
Michalak returned to the landing site with an associate. With a
geiger counter, they found two "W-shaped" silver bars, four and
a half inches in length, and several other smaller chunks of the
same material. All this was found two inches under some lichen in
a crack in the rock, over which the UFO was said to hover.
Analysis showed that the silver was of "high purity", and
contained low amounts of copper and cadmium. Craig commented that
the composition was "similar to that found in commercially
available sterling silver or sheet silver."(16) Cannon
contradicted this, saying the silver concentration was "much
higher than would normally be found in native silver or
commercially produced silver such as sterling or coinage."(17)
The reported percentage of copper, however, at one or two per
cent, is agreeable with that of commercial silver, though is
indeed less than many specimens.
The metal showed signs of heating and bending, and it was
speculated that it was "molded" into its present shape. Support
for the heating theory also comes from the fine quartz crystals
which were found to be imbedded in the outer layer of the silver.
The sand was similar to typical foundry sand, covering all of one
bar and half of the other. But the _very_ odd thing about the
silver bars was their radioactivity. The bars were also covered
with small crystals of a uranium silicate mineral and
pitchblende, as well as feldspar and hematite. These particles
are held to the silver by a sticky "moist" substance, and could
be removed by washing with ethanol and brushing with a soft camel
hair brush.(18)
Again, the two theories of Ra226 and U238 contrasted each
other. But the same arguments apply. Since radium 226 is a by-
product of U238 decay, it is even possible that both theories are
correct, though traceable to U238.
The problem, however, is not the actual radioactive mechanism
on the silver, but why it was missed earlier by other
individuals. The Department of Health and Welfare went to the
site on more than one occasion, and checked the site thoroughly.
Why was the silver not located?
9
-----------------------------------------------------------------
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The most noted elements of the incident are the many severe
physiological effects Mickalak experienced. When the object took
off, Michalak was burned by a blast of heat or heated gas which
came from a grill-like opening in front of him. His shirt and
undershirt caught fire, burning his upper chest. He tore off
these items and stamped them out, not wanting to cause a forest
fire. Walking back to where the object had been, he felt
nauseated, and had a strong headache. He broke out in a cold
sweat, and began vomiting. Red marks began to appear on his chest
and abdomen, burning and irritating. He logically set out for
Falcon Lake in search of medical aid, wearing no shirt or jacket.
He eventually made it back to Winnipeg, where he was examined
at the Misericordia Hospital. He did not tell the examining
physician what had happened, only that he had been burned by
"exhaust coming out of an aeroplane". This was on May 20th.
On the 22nd, Michalak's family physician examined him, and
said that the first-degree burns on his abdomen were not very
serious. He prescribed 292's for the pain and sea-sickness
tablets for the nausea. Michalak went to a radiologist on the
23rd, who found no evidence of radiation trauma. A whole-body
count taken a week later at the Whiteshell Nuclear Research
Establishment also showed no radiation above normal background.
The burns on Michalak's abdomen were diagnosed as thermal in
origin. The curious geometric pattern of the burns led some
skeptics to speculate that Michalak had fallen onto a "hot
barbeque grill".(19)
Over the next few days, Michalak reported that he lost 22
pounds from his normal weight of 180. However, his physician
could not verify this weight loss, since he had not seen him for
over a year. Yet, judging from the fact that Michalak reported an
inability to hold food down, in one week, his weight loss could
have been considerable.
Also reported was a drop in his blood lymphocyte count from
25 to 16 percent, returning to normal after a period of four
weeks. These two counts were six days apart, but were associated
with normal platelet counts on both occasions. This contributes
to the argument against the theory of radiation exposure. A CAPRO
investigator claims that the actual drop was from 25 to 6
percent, although this is not supported by medical evidence.(20)
There is some evidence to indicate that the red "welts" or
burns went through periods of fading and recurrence, a most
unusual medical situation. Because of the suggestion of
radiation at the site, it was quickly suggested that the welts
were radiation burns. This, however, is quite incorrect.
Radiation was also blamed for the "awful stench" which seemed
to "come from within" Michalak's body. It was suggested that a
quick dose of gamma rays may have deteriorated the food he had
just eaten, giving him a vile odor and causing him to vomit
"green bile".(21) Individuals consulted on this, however, say
that such a strong burst of gammas would have deteriorated
_Michalak_, not just his digested food!
Another physiological effect was the "insect bites" rash
which appeared on Michalak's upper torso. Craig reported that the
rash was "the result of insect bites and was not connected with
the alleged UFO experience."(22) An RCAF Corporal, Davis,
reported that he had been bitten by black flies when he was with
Michalak searching for the site. Medical reports show that
Michalak had "skin infections", "having hive-like areas with
impetiginous centers". Later he had "generalized urticaria"
(hives) and felt weak, dizzy and nauseated on several occasions.
Several times, he was examined for "numbness" and swelling of the
joints.
A hematologist's report showed that Michalak's blood had "no
abnormal physical findings", but had "some atypical lymphoid
cells in the marrow plus a moderate increase in the number of
plasma cells." This is in some contradiction to several sources
(e.g. Naud, 1978) which claim that there were "impurities" in
Michalak's blood. It is obvious that the reported irregularities
in his blood would not in themselves be the cause for his
condition.
The swelling of his body, however, strongly suggests an
allergic reaction of some sort. After an apparent reoccurrence of
his swelling at work on Sept. 21, 1967, Michalak reported that
doctors diagnosed his affliction as "the result of some allergy".
The events leading up to this diagnosis had Michalak feel "a
burning sensation" around his neck and chest. Then, there was a
"burning" in his throat and his body "turned violet". His hands
swelled "like a balloon", his vision failed and he lapsed into
unconciousness.(23)
Later, he described how sometimes his wrists swelled so much
that they filled his shirt cuffs.(24) What sort of allergy did
Michalak have?
12
THE MAYO CLINIC
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In August of 1968, Michalak went to the Mayo Clinic in
Rochester, Minnesota. The purpose of his visit was to undergo
tests to determine exactly what was ailing him, as the doctors in
Winnipeg appeared to be unhelpful. It is worthy of note that
Michalak paid for the Mayo tests entirely on his own, as Canadian
Medicare would not cover such a trip. He went and stayed at a
hotel near the hospital, walking across each day and entering as
an outpatient. He reported that he was given a thorough physical
and psychological examination by various doctors, then sent home.
But, the problems began. Michalak has bills from the Clinic
made out to "Mr. S. Michalak", and also his registration card. He
waited for several weeks, but received no word on his results.
CAPRO investigators appealed to APRO for help, and a medical
consultant sent a letter to the Mayo Clinic, asking for the
medical reports. In reply, he was sent the now-famous "letter of
denial", which bluntly said that Michalak had _never been
registered_ there, and that they didn't "know anything about
him."(25)
This immediately spurred the shouts of "cover-up!" from
individuals who learned of the letter, and rightly so, as this
appeared to be a deliberate attempt to mislead the investigation.
Was this a cover-up, or just a matter of incompetence? It perhaps
was neither.
Medical ethics is a very serious concern, and few realize the
"red tape" which has been set up for both the protection of the
doctor and the patient. There is a very great danger in releasing
confidential files to unauthorized personnel (and this applies,
obviously, to other fields as well, including ufology). Another
letter to the Mayo Clinic was sent, this time accompanied by a
release form signed by Michalak.
The reports came immediately. Michalak had been found to be
in good health but with neurodematitis and simple syncope
(fainting spells due to sudden cerebral blood pressure
losses).(26) The syncope was suggested as having to do with
hyperventilation or impaired cardiac output. This is interesting,
as Michalak has indeed had heart problems within the past few
years.
The psychiatric report showed that despite the usual
generalizations normally assigned to individuals giving a
detailed UFO encounter story, there was no other evidence of
delusions, hallucinations or other emotional disorders. It seems
that there was nothing wrong with Michalak. He had no ailment
_directly_ related to an encounter with a UFO.
14
---------------------------------------------------------------
THE INVESTIGATIONS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Michalak called the Winnipeg Tribune late Saturday afternoon
of the holiday long weekend. It was not surprising that no one
would help him then. But, the next evening (May 21), Heather
Chisvin, a Tribune reporter, interviewed Michalak for the first
time. She was the first one to talk to him about the experience,
and her article must be considered as the first account
uninfluenced by later documentation.(27)
The first investigator on the scene, however, was Barrie
Thompson, who had read the account in the newspaper, and
immediately contacted Michalak. Thompson's investigation, on
behalf of APRO, began the series of civilian UFO investigations.
Michalak notes that "after hearing my story, he stated his
belief that the craft was not an earthly creation." Michalak
praised Thompson on several occasions, as "he was the first
person who took my story seriously."(28)
Soon, the Michlak household was in turmoil. Calls came in at
all hours of the day and night, people dropped in at any time,
and letters poured in.
The CAPRO investigations included taking Michalak to get a
body radiation count, and encouraging him to take other tests.
One misleading bit of information said that Michalak had been to
a clinical hypnotist and that he had been hypnotically regressed.
While both statements are true, the clinical hypnotist had in
fact only interviewed Michalak and not put him under. A tape of
Michalak's hypnosis is in existance, however, but the session was
conducted, apparently, by an amateur, who was a reporter for the
Winnipeg Free Press at the time. (This issue is not fully
resolved, as others insist that a clinical hypnotist was
involved. Until the original hypnosis tape and/or transcript is
published or given voluntarily to present-day researchers, the
case still has gaps that need filling.)
The RCAF investigations were under the direction of Sqd. Ld.
P. Bissky, who came to the personal conclusion that the case was
a hoax.(29) He told researchers that the RCAF conclusions were
all available in Ottawa for perusal. Indeed, some documents are
contained in the DND files, and have been obtained by several
ufologists. A rather carefully-worded statement is in the
National Research Council's Non-Meteoric Sightings File, DND 222,
saying, "Neither the DND, nor the RCMP investigation teams were
able to provide evidence which could dispute Mr. Michalak's
story."(30)
RCMP analysis by its forensic lab were "unable to reach any
conclusion as to what may have caused the burn damage" to
Michalak's clothing.(31)
A theory came out, suggesting that the radiation at the site
might have been caused by radium paint, possibly from someone
scraping a watch dial around the site.(32) This is interesting.
Was this just a candid comment, or did it suggest that there was
a truly abnormal level of Ra226 at the site at the time? If so,
why was it not detected in later soil analyses?
16
----------------------------------------------------------------
THE GOVERNMENT COVERS UP?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Apart from the Mayo Clinic "cover-up", the Canadian
Government seemed to refuse access to information on the incident
in 1967. On June 29th, 1967, it was reported that Mr. Edward
Schreyer, then an MP, asked about UFO investigations in the
Commons.(33) The Speaker of the House "cut off the subject
without government reply." On November 6th, 1967, Defence
Minister, Leo Cadieux, stated that "it is not the intention of
the Department of National Defence to make public the report of
the alleged sighting."(34) This was in response to requests by
several cabinet members to obtain information on the incident. On
11 Nov. 1967, it was reported that Mr. Schreyer formally placed a
written question on the Commons order paper seeking information
on UFO's.(35)
The closed-mouth attitude of the government was not ignored
by the press, which prompted several comments about it. About the
case, one editor noted: "The attempt to keep it concealed can
have only one effect - it will give the UFO legend another
boost."(36) Of course, he was precisely correct. On 14 October
1968, House Leader Donald MacDonald again refused an MP, this
time Mr. Barry Mather, access to reports on the Michalak
case.(37) However, on 6 Feb. 1969, Mather was given permission
by a member of the Privy Council to examine their file on UFO's
"from which a few pages have simply been removed." It was
reported that outright release of the file "would not be in the
public interest," and create a dangerous precedent that would not
contribute to the good administration of the country's
business."(38)
Bondarchuk (1979) reports that "portions of the complete
government report are available for public scrutiny" at the NRC
in Ottawa. However, "noticeably missing are the RCMP study of the
burned items, as well as the government's final conclusion, if
indeed one exists."(39)
17
---------------------------------------------------------------
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Mention of the psychological aspects of the Michalak case
must be made. Why, for example, did Michalak call a newspaper
office for assistance? This one piece of evidence alone has
served to convince some individuals that the case was a hoax and
that Michalak was only looking for publicity.
By the time Michalak made it back to his motel, he was
exhausted. In his own words:
"I did not go inside the motel for fear of contaminating
people around me ... I felt detached from the rest of the world
... The pain was unbearable ... the odour seemed to come from
within me, and I could not escape it ... I was afraid that I had
ruined my health and visualized the resulting hell should I have
become disabled ... my mind centered on the possible
consequences ...
"...there had to be some way of getting medical attention ...
I thought of the press. Things that happened to me were
definitely news, if nothing else ... I did not want to alarm my
wife, or cause a panic in the family. I phoned her as a last
resort, telling her that I had been in an accident ..."(40)
Michalak felt that it was his "duty" to report the incident,
and was initially unafraid of ridicule. However, since then, he
and his family have become somewhat defensive about the incident,
and get irritated to hear of skeptical accounts in print. Indeed,
it is this writer's personal impression that Michalak is a very
sincere individual. Also, psychiatrists could not find any
evidence of emotional or mental illness in the man.
19
---------------------------------------------------------------
THE HOAX?
~~~~~~~~~
Would Michalak have gone to so much trouble to perpetrate a
hoax? There is no question that he bcame seriously ill, and even
today displays some effects. If we can assume that Michalak
burned himself while concocting his hoax, would he have then
repeatedly pursued medical assistance and gone to the Mayo Clinic
to make it look good?
One physics professor at the University of Manitoba, now
deceased, believed that Michalak was experimenting with toy
rockets, which exploded due to mishandling. He also suggested
that he was amateurishly trying to hit two chunks of uranium
together to make a homemade bomb(!). The grid-like pattern on
his body was caused by the grill he was using as a support. This
totally unfounded theory ignored most of the known facts of the
case.
An RCAF spokesman was convinced that Michalak was drunk and
had fallen on a hot barbeque grill. One immediate objection to
this is that such an act would give exactly the _reverse_
impression of burns actually found on Michalak's body.
Menzel's impression has already been related, claiming the
case to be a hoax because Michalak could not find the site when
with the Condon investigators.
Ray Craig, the Condon Committee's investigator, concluded
that: "If (Michalak's) reported experience were physically real,
it would show the existence of alien flying vehicles in our
environment."(41) He noted "inconsistencies and incongruities",
and said that even with some of the other evidence associated
with the case, he would have to stick to his "initial
conclusion", namely that "this case does not offer probative
information regarding inconventional (sic) craft."(42) Despite
this apparently negative conclusion, the index of the report
lists the case as an _unexplained sighting_.
Craig found reason to question that the metal samples found
by Michalak would have been missed by early investigators at the
site. Stewart Hunt of the Department of Health and Welfare
described his examination of the area as "a thorough survey",
using three different radiation counters. It is definitely odd
that the metal chunks were not found until a visit to the site a
year later. Thompson remarked that the samples were deeply buried
inside the crack in the rock, and that some effort was expended
in getting them out. He also remarked that most of the radiation
detected was inside the fissure.(43)
Bondarchuk mentions that a close scrutiny of early soil
samples showed that small silver particles were present, citing
this as a reason to eliminate the theory that someone "planted"
the silver bars.(44) However, this is not conclusive as native
silver particles occur naturally in the area in small amounts,
and their presence in the soil samples does not eliminate the
possibility of "planting".
Cannon also mentions this information, and that radium 226
was present in both the soil and metal covering. This apparently
was considered as a prime reason to negate the watch dial
theory.(45) Attempts to obtain the CAPRO analyses have not been
successful.
There is no doubt, though, that the metal samples are very
suspicious. They even had an obvious "seam" which tended to
suggest fabrication, as if someone moulded the silver in a
definite shape. Did Michalak produce these himself? Or, did
someone _else_ produce them, and plant them at the site? If so,
why? Even without the metal samples, the case was a significant
one, needing no support. In fact, the samples tend only to
confuse the case. But an amateur UFO "buff" would probably not
have realized this, and thought only that the samples would
enhance the case. Since the case attracted many such
individuals, it would be difficult to determine whom this might
have been.
Another theory would involve the "cover-up" scenario, and
have the government fabricate the samples themselves. However,
evidence for this idea would be difficult to obtain and
essentially impossible to prove. If true, this would raise the
question of why the government would deliberately enhance the
case and then create an aura of secrecy, lending themselves to
suspicion.
Other hoax theories can be postulated, but all need the
necessary proof, including a motive for their devices.
22
---------------------------------------------------------------
CONCLUSIONS
~~~~~~~~~~~
There is no question that something very unusual occurred on
May 20th, 1967, north of Falcon Lake. There is no question that
Stephen Michalak came back from his prospecting trip badly burned
and seriously ill, claiming that he had encountered a strange
craft. But is the account true?
Can this case be effectively proved beyond a shadow of a
doubt? The evidence includes the following:
1. An eyewitness account of a vehicle behaving in ways not
attributable to conventional craft.
2. Physiological damage to the witness, the mechanism of which is
not immediately obvious.
3. A visible "landing site", consisting of a ring of loose soil,
containing a bare patch of rock.
Does this prove that an alien craft landed near Falcon Lake?
Unfortunately not. Major problems include the metal samples found
at the site and the radium detected (was it in evidence in
different samples?). Clearly, the investigations at the time were
varied but at the same time were confused, and several bits of
information are lacking. All of the CAPRO investigators agreed
that Michalak was a very sincere individual, and detected no
effort on his part to fabricate the account. This writer found
this to be true from his own interviews with Michalak, and found
no reason to doubt his veracity.
If we assume that Michalak's story is truthful (and we have
no reason immediately obvious to suppose otherwise), then we have
a solid report of a landed UFO, complete with physical and
physiological effects. What could it have been?
Keel (1975) suggested that Michalak was a victim of a "game"
played by ultraterrestrials, wanting to confuse him in his
attempt to locate the site.(46)
Bondarchuk (1979), a proponent of the ETH, describes his
analysis by saying that Michalak was burned by "an intelligently
guided craft of unconventional structure and of unknown origin."
He, too, finds evidence of government intervention in the case.
He also observes that the publication of Michalak's book, which
to some suggests a hoaxer's methods, was financially not a
successful venture, and the experience proved to be more costly
to Michalak than a boon.(47)
This writer is hesitant to give a final evaluation to the
case. Personal interviews with the Michalak's have shown them to
be sincere people, and not prone to irrational acts. They are
intelligent, level-headed individuals, and well-read on many
subjects. Their annoyance at their notoriety is apparent, and
their defensiveness at further proddings show that they have been
subjected to severe ridicule and criticism since the incident
first hit the media in 1967.
Investigations are continuing. If officials were convinced
Michalak was a hoaxer, why was he not prosecuted for public
mischief? Was there no definite evidence towards this end? It
certainly would have been an interesting court case, arguing
about the existance of UFO's. I think Michalak would have won.
24
---------------------------------------------------------------
EPILOGUE
~~~~~~~~
Today, over thirteen years after his experience, Michalak
remains convinced he had encountered something he wasn't supposed
to see. His convictions are firmly entrenched. He has read
several books about UFO's since 1967, and is still frustrated by
not knowing what happened to him. He has been to Carman,
Manitoba, where "Charlie Redstar" was a nightly spectre over that
town for many months, and heard stories from witnesses of their
own experiences.
In this writer's experience with UFO investigation, he has
found that many UFO witnesses see more than one in a lifetime.
That is, if a person sees one UFO, he or she will probably see
another at a later time in their life. This is the "repeater"
phenomenon which is considered to be an indication of
insincerity in witnesses by several ufologists. This author is in
disagreement with that belief, as the UFO phenomenon suggests a
close link with the individual witness' psyche, possibly
involving an "awareness threshold." While this may not be
empirically proven or testable, theoretical ufology can only draw
on apparent relationships, and there exists some evidence to
indicate an association between a witness and the "perceived"
UFO.
In this regard, it is interesting to note that Michalak has
reported another UFO sighting. It occurred in northwestern
Ontario several years ago, while standing near a lake. He said
that he observed "the same thing" as he had seen at Falcon Lake,
though at a much greater distance from him, flying through the
sky.
Are "they" keeping an eye on him? Or is Michalak simply one
of those people who is now encouraged to look skyward for unusual
things?
The mystery continues.
26
----------------------------------------------------------------
FOOTNOTES AND REFERENCES
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(1) Gillmor, Daniel S., ed. _Scientific Study of Unidentified
Flying Objects_. Bantam Books, New York, 1969. p. 319
(2) Menzel, Donald H. and Ernest H. Taves. _The UFO Enigma_. New
York: Doubleday & Company, 1977, p. 104
(3) Gillmor, _op_. _cit_.
(4) Gillmor, p. 320.
(5) personal Communication to author, 1980.
(6) Michalak, Stephen. _My Encounter With the UFO_. Osnova
Publications, 1967, p. 36.
(7) Gillmor, p. 322.
(8) Michalak, p. 32.
(9) Gillmor, p. 322.
(10) Gillmor, p. 321
(11) Bondarchuk, Yurko. _UFO Sightings, Landings and Abductions_.
Methuen, Toronto, 1979, p. 41.
(12) _ibid_. p. 42.
(13) Letter from R.F.S. Robertson to J. K. Fondren, dated 14
August, 1968.
(14) Analysis was supported by Ufology Research of Manitoba.
(15) Personal communication to author, 1980.
(16) Gillmor, p. 323.
(17) Cannon, Brian C. _Strange Case of Falcon Lake_. Part 3.
Canadian UFO Report, Volume 1, Number 4, July-Aug, 1969, p.26.
(18) Letter from R. J. Traill to S. C. Robertson, dated 13 June,
1968.
(19) Personal communication from Dr. Sunil K. Sen to author,
1977.
(20) Personal communication to author, 1980.
(21) Unnamed doctor, in Michalak, p. 38.
(22) Gillmor, p. 320.
(23) Michalak, p. 35.
(24) _Winnipeg Free Press_. Jan. 17, 1968.
(25) Letter on record from Mayo Clinic, dated 1 April, 1969.
(26) Letter on record from Mayo Clinic, dated 13 Jan., 1970.
(27) _Winnipeg Tribune_. May 22, 1967. "'I was Burned by UFO' -
City Man"
(28) Michalak, p. 25
(29) This statement is curious, as Cannon records Bissky as
saying: "there are certain facts, such as Michalak's illness and
burns and the very evident circle remaining at the site, which
are unexplainable." in _Canadian UFO Report_ V.1, #4 July-Aug.,
1969, p. 26.
(30) National research Council, _Non-Meteoric Sightings_ File,
DND 222.
(31) _ibid_.
(32) _CAPRO Bulletin_. V.2 #2 Jan.-Feb., 1969, p. 5.
(33) _Winnipeg Tribune_. 29 June, 1967.
(34) Michalak, p. 3.
(35) _Winnipeg Tribune_. 11 Nov., 1967.
(36) Undated clipping in UFOROM files.
(37) _Winnipeg Tribune_, 14 Oct., 1968.
(38) _House of Commons Debates_, 6 Feb., 1969, Ottawa, The
Queen's Printer, p. 5236.
(39) Bondarchuk, p. 44.
(40) Michalak, pp. 20-21.
(41) Gillmor, p. 323.
(42) _ibid_., p. 324.
(43) Personal communication to author, 1980.
(44) Bondarchuk, p. 43.
(45) Cannon, p. 24.
(46) Keel, John A. _The Mothman Prophecies_ Saturday Review
Press, NY., 1975, p. 169.
(47) Bondarchuk, pp. 44-45.
29
----------------------------------------------------------------
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES ON MICHALAK IN THE UFOROM COLLECTION
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Winnipeg Tribune 22 May 1967 'I was Burned by UFO'-City Man
Winnipeg Free Press 23 May 1967 2 Support Local man's Report
Winnipeg Tribune 23 May 1967 Experts May Probe Man's UFO
Claim
Winnipeg Free Press 24 May 1967 UFO Case "of Greatest
Scientific Interest"
Winnipeg Tribune 24 May 1967 Expert Doubts UFO Sighting
Winnipeg Tribune 26 May 1967 U.S. Team to Check UFO
Winnipeg Free Press 27 May 1967 A New UFO Report
Winnipeg Tribune 30 May 1967 UFO Man Still Away From Work
Winnipeg Free Press 2 Jun 1967 UFO Man at Scene Fails to Find
Site
Winnipeg Tribune 2 Jun 1967 RCMP Conducts UFO Search
Winnipeg Free Press 5 Jun 1967 U.S. UFO Expert in Winnipeg
Winnipeg Tribune 5 Jun 1967 UFO Expert Arrives
Winnipeg Tribune 6 Jun 1967 No trace of UFO Located
Winnipeg Tribune 7 Jun 1967 UFO Expert Leaves City
Winnipeg Free Press 29 Jun 1967 20 UFO Reports
Winnipeg Tribune 29 Jun 1967 Schreyer Queries UFO Reports
Winnipeg Tribune 3 Jul 1967 'UFO Burns' Heal
Winnipeg Tribune 11 Nov 1967 UFO Probe Sought
Winnipeg Free Press 17 Jan 1968 Burns Back, Says Michalak
Winnipeg Free Press 18 Mar 1968 'Victim' of UFO Ill Again
Winnipeg Free Press
(Leisure Magazine) 6 Apr 1968 UFO Sighting in Manitoba
Winnipeg Free Press 21 May 1968 Find Made at UFO Site
Winnipeg Tribune 14 Oct 1968 Ottawa Refuses to Reveal
Reports
Winnipeg Tribune 15 Nov 1968 Ottawa Mum on 'UFO Sighting'
Brandon Sun 17 Nov 1968 Says Government Fears Panic
Winnipeg Free Press 22 Apr 1978 "Answers" (query re Michalak)
30
----------------------------------------------------------------
A FALCON LAKE BIBLIOGRAPHY
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Aggen, Erich A. Jr. Further Aspects of the Hostility Theory.
_Flying Saucers_ #67. Dec. 1969, pp 14-15.
Bondarchuk, Yurko. _UFO Sightings, Landings and Abductions_.
Methuen, Toronto, 1967, pp. 37-45.
Bucek, Steve. The Michalak Case. _APIC Bulletin_ #1, 1968,
pp. 14-15.
Bucek, Steve. Michalak Report, Hoax or Reality. _APIC
Notice_, undated.
Cannon, Brian C. UFO's - Mania or Mystery? _Canadian UFO
Report_ V. 1 #1, Jan-Feb., 1969, pp. 14-15.
Cannon, Brian C. Strange Case of Falcon Lake, Part 1.
_Canadian UFO Report_, V. 1 #2, Mar-Apr., 1969,
pp. 10-12.
Cannon, Brian C. Strange Case of Falcon Lake, Part 2.
_Canadian UFO Report_, V. 1 #3, May-June., 1969,
pp. 11-12.
Cannon, Brian C. Strange Case of Falcon Lake, Part 3.
_Canadian UFO Report_, V. 1 #4, July-Aug., 1969,
pp. 24-26.
Crain, T. Scott, Jr. Flying Saucer Casualties. _Flying
Saucers_, #73, June, 1971, pp. 7-9.
Farish, Lou and Dale Titler. UFO's - Touching is Believing.
_Saga's UFO Annual_. V. 1 #1, 1975, pp. 30+
Gillmor, Daniel S., ed. _Scientific Study of Unidentified
Flying Objects_. Bantam, New York, 1969. "Case
22", pp. 316-324.
Holzer, Hans. _The Ufonauts_. Fawcett, Greenwich,
Conneticut, 1976, pp. 37-39.
_House of Commons Debates_. 6 Nov., 1967, Ottawa, Canada.
The Queen's Printer, p. 3919.
_House of Commons Debates_. 6 Feb., 1969, Ottawa, Canada.
The Queen's Printer, pp. 5234-6.
Kanon, Gregory M. UFO's and the Canadian Government, Part
2._Canadian UFO Report_, V. 3 #7, Spring, 1976,
pp. 17-18
Keel, John A. _The Mothman Prophecies_. Saturday Review
Press, New York, 1975, p. 169
Lorenzen, Carol and Jim Lorenzen. _UFO's Over the Americas_.
Signet, New York, 1968, pp. 27, 29, 38-41.
Lorenzen, Carol and Jim Lorenzen. _UFO's: The Whole Story_.
Signet, Toronto, 1969, pp. 195-8.
Lorenzen, Carol and Jim Lorenzen. _Encounters With UFO
Occupants_. Berkley, New York, 1976, pp. 11-12.
Magor, John. Editorial: Ottawa's Useless Report. _Canadian
UFO Report_. V. 1 #3, May-June, 1969, p.1.
Menzel, Donald H. and Ernest H. Taves. _The UFO Enigma_.
Doubleday & Co., New York, 1977, p. 104, "Case
22".
Michalak, Stephen. _My Encounter With the UFO_. Osnova
Publications, Winnipeg, 1967.
Naud, Yves. _UFO's and Extraterrestrials in History_. Ferni
Publishers, Geneva, 1978, V. 3, Part 1, Chapter 6,
pp. 147-156.
Rutkowski, Chris. The Michalak Case _Proteus_. #4. October,
1977, pp. 10-21.
Schwarz, Berthold Eric. Psychiatric and Parapsychiatric
Dimensions of UFO's. _In_ Haines, Richard F., ed.
_UFO Phenomena and the Behavioral Scientist_.
Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, NJ, 1979,
Part 2, Chapter 6, pp. 113-134.
Sifakis, Carl. _Official Guide to UFO Sightings_. Drake, New
York, 1979, p. 121.
Smith, Susy. _Strangers From Space_. Manor Books, New York,
1977, pp. 139-40.
Steiger, Brad and Joan Whritenour. _New UFO Breakthrough_.
Award Books, New York, 1968, pp. 47-8.
Story, Ronald D., ed. _The Encyclopedia of UFO's_. Doubleday
& Co., New York, 1980, pp. 230-1.
Tokarz, Harry. Are UFO's Boon or Curse to Medicine?
_Canadian UFO Report_, V. 4 #7. Summer, 1978, pp.
8-11.
Vallee, Jacques. _Passport to Magonia_. Regnery, Chicago,
1969. Appendix, Case #844, p. 345.
Vezina, A. K. Canada, 1967 - A big Year for UFO Research.
_Flying Saucers_, #58, June, 1968, pp. 8-10.
33
----------------------------------------------------------------
FURTHER REFERENCES
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The UFOROM library collection does not contain all the
references available on the Michalak case. The following list is
a selection of references not held at the time of this writing.
They are included for completeness and may be incorrectly cited.
Other references, of course, may exist, and readers are
encouraged to write the author, who would be greatly interested
in further citations for inclusion in the bibliography.
Flying Saucers, Feb., 1968, p. 29.
Flying Saucers, Sept., 1972, p. 34.
NICAP: Strange Effects from UFO's, 1969, p. 72.
Flying Saucer Review, Jan., 1970, p. 12.
NICAP UFO Investigator, June, 1967, p. 7.
NICAP UFO Investigator, May, 1967, p. 23.
Brad Sparks' Computer Catalog of Type 9 Cases, #106.
UFO Nachtrichten, May, 1968.
Luis Shoenherr's Computer Catalog, #2078.
Early CAPRO Bulletins printed in Winnipeg, 1967+
-------------------------------------------------------------------
* END *
Note: as the case is still open to further investigation, if you have
any questions, comments or further information about the incident,
please contact:
Chris Rutkowski
Box 1918
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Canada R3C 3R2
or email: rutkows@ccu.umanitoba.ca
or FIDONET: HST BBS, Winnipeg, Manitoba, (204) 837-7227
node 1:348/712
--
Chris Rutkowski - rutkows@ccu.umanitoba.ca
University of Manitoba - Winnipeg, Canada